Land & water use

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Deforestation in Amazonia
Introduction Tropical forests in Amazonia are being cleared rapidly, representing an important worldwide element of land-use and land-cover change. While some processes are comm...
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Pesticide
A pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest.Though often misunderstood to refer only to insecticides, the term pesti...
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Agricultural pesticide contamination
Introduction Agricultural pesticide contamination results from the use and/or misuse of agricultural pesticides, and is manifested as adverse effects on human health and the environment. An agricul...
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Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, United States
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), is one of two major federal pesticide statutes which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for implem...
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Fire in America
Lead Author: Stephen Pyne (other articles) Content Partners: National Humanities Center (other articles) and TeacherServe (other articles) Article Topics: Environmental history and Energy Thi...
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Forestry
Forestry is the science and practice of managing a forest for some goal. Prior to the establishment of forestry as a science-based discipline, the exploitation of forests for various products was c...
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Roads and highways in the United States
Commodities such as petroleum are culturally constructed: a market must first place a value on them before they become worthwhile. In the earliest years of petroleum use, it was refined into kerosene...
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Road ecology
Introduction Road ecology is a relatively new subdiscipline of ecology that focuses on understanding the interactions between road systems and the natural environment. Road ecology is an...
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Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, United States
The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) was enacted in 1977 after the US Congress recognized the need to regulate mining activity, rehabilitate abandoned mines, and protect society a...
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Mining Law of 1872, United States
The United States Congress passed the Mining Law of 1872, also known as the General Mining Act, to encourage settlement in the West, at a time when mining consisted mostly of individual prospectors...
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Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, United States
Through the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, also known as the Mine Act, US Congress amended the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 by encompassing all mines under one legis...
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Marine fisheries
Humans have been exploiting marine coastlines for millennia. At first, people may have been gathering invertebrates, and harpooned or otherwise caught larger vertebrates -- fishes, turtles, marine ma...
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Fisheries and aquaculture
Overall fisheries production In 2002 the global production from fishing and aquaculture combined reached about 133 million tonnes. The global yield from capture fisheries is stagnating, but aquacu...
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Fisheries and aquaculture in the Northeast Atlantic (Barents and Norwegian Seas)
This is Section 13.2 of the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment Lead Authors: Hjálmar Vilhjálmsson, Alf Håkon Hoel; Contributing Authors: Sveinn Agnarsson, Ragnar Arnason, James ...
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Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Cooperative Management Act, United States
Introduction The Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Cooperative Management Act (16 U.S.C. 5101-5109; Title VIII of Pub. L. 103-206, as amended) authorizes the U.S. Secretary of Commerce to provide financi...
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Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, United States
The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission was formed by the fifteen Atlantic coast states more than fifty years ago to assist in managing and conserving their shared coastal fishery resources. ...
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Interjurisdictional Fisheries Act of 1986, United States
The Interjurisdictional Fisheries Act of 1986 is a formula-based financial assistance program, with two overall purposes: (1) to promote and encourage State activities in support of the management of ...
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Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, United States
Introduction On September 28, 1945, President Truman issued a proclamation aimed at implementing conservation measures outside and adjacent to American territorial waters. The 1945 Truman Proclam...
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Global economy
Global Connections An economy that has no international linkages is called a closed economy, while one that participates in the global economy is called an open economy. The economic linkages amon...
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Globalization and environmental politics
Globalization and Environmental Social Movements Environmental social movements include protest movements and lobbying groups, generally started by ordinary citizens, that work to preserve and prote...
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Tragedy of the Commons (historical)
Originally Published As: Title: The Tragedy of the Commons Author: Garrett James Hardin Source: Science, volume 162, pages 1243-1248 Year published: 1968 EDITOR'S NOTE: This classic paper is o...
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Richter scale
The Richter scale (or Richter magnitude scale or local magnitude ML) scale) is a measure of the magnitude of (or more specificifically the energy released by) an earthquake that is determined from t...
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Agriculture
Fishing
Forestry
Global economics
Mining
Other land use
Rangelands